Cosmological Causality, Human Agency, and Principles of Education in Ghazali's View

Bagheri No-parast, Khosrow; Bagheri, Mohammad Zoheir

doi:10.30497/edus.2015.57482

Cosmological Causality, Human Agency, and Principles of Education in Ghazali's View

Document Type : Promotional Science (Psychology & Educational Psychology)

Authors

Khosrow Bagheri No-parast ¹

Mohammad Zoheir Bagheri ²

¹ Professor, Department of the Principles of Socio-phlosophical and Education Training, TehranUniversity

² Phd Student of Philosophy, Vien University

10.30497/edus.2015.57482

Abstract

It is attempted in this article to show that Ghazali's educational view is in coherence with his cosmological and anthropological views. In spite of his challenge to causal relations, Gahazali has no problem in his cosmology to accept a powerful and unique causal relation between God and the world. Human agency is also rejected in his view only when an autonomy is assumed for human being alongside God's will. Fitted to God's unique authority on the world, Ghazali takes nearness to God as the final goal of education. In educational principles too, he has provided a combination between God's impact on human world and the strivings of human beings. The principle of individual differences refers to the initial states that God provides people with. However, the principle of character education has an indication of educators' attempt to pave the way of education; as the principle of God-centered pragmatism refers to the attempt of pupils. The principle of self-monitoring refers at the same time to both pupils' attempts and their waiting to the coming of God's grace.

Keywords

Ghazali

education

Causality

human agency

self-monitoring

20.1001.1.24237396.1393.2.3.4.1

Subjects

philosophy of education

Article Title العربیة

السببیة فی علم الکونیات، و فاعلیة الإنسان، و مبادئ التربیة و التعلیم من رؤیة الغزالی

Abstract العربیة

تهتم هذه المقالة بدراسة رؤیة الغزالی التربویة فی مجال المدخل القائم علی علم الکونیات و علی علم الإنسان (الکوزمولوجیا والأنثروبولوجیا). و فی هذا مجال یقبل الغزالی العلاقة السببیة القویة و المتفردة بین الله و عالم الکون و یدافع عنها، وذلک رغم نقده للعلاقات السببیة ورفضه للفاعلیة البشریة حیث تُعتبر الفاعلیة مستقلة جنبا إلی جنب مع مشیئة الله. و تبعا لرأیه فیما یتعلق بقدرة الله الواحدة علی عالم الکون، یعتقد الغزالی غایة التربیة و التعلیم هی التقرب إلی الله. و یعتبر مبادئ التربیة و التعلیم مزیجا من فاعلیة الله و اجتهاد البشر. بحیث تشیر الفوارق الشخصیة الی الخلقة الأولیة التی قدرها الله. و تتعلق قاعدة السلوک التربوی بجهود المربین لتعدیل سبل التربیة، کما یرمز المذهب العملی الإلهی إلی جهود المتلقین، و یشیر مبدأ مراقبة النفس إلی جهود المتلقین من جانب و إلی الأمل فی رحمة الله من جانب آخر.

Keywords العربیة