عرضۀ مدلی پارادایمیک از ارتباط مراقبتی معلم- دانش‌آموز در مدارس ابتدایی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف عرضۀ مدلی کیفی از ارتباط مراقبتی معلم- دانش‌آموز در مدارس ابتدایی شهر کرمانشاه صورت گرفته و بدین منظور، از پارادایم کیفی و تئوری زمینه‌ای، و مصاحبة نیمه‌ساختاریافته و عمیق با معلمان توانمند و دارای مدارک تحصیلی عالی در مدارس مختلف این شهر در سال تحصیلی 1399-1400 استفاده شده است. مشارکت‌کنندگان در این پژوهش تا مرحلة اشباع نظری، پانزده نفر بودند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، عوامل زمینه‌ساز ارتباط مراقبتی معلم- دانش‌آموز عبارت‌اند از: فعالیت‌های فوق‌برنامه، تقویت ظرفیت‌های آموزش و یادگیری، توانایی تدریس و تسلط بر مهارت‌های حرفه‌ای، پذیرش دانش‌آموزان و اهمیت‌دادن به آن‌ها، نواندیشی در آموزش و یادگیری، و ویژگی‌های فردی دانش‌آموزان. راهبردهای ایجاد این‌گونه ارتباط، مشتمل بر این موارد است: ایجاد زمینه‌های ارتباطی، گسترش‌دادن ظرفیت‌های ارتباطی، محیط یادگیری فعال، شناخت و درک متقابل، نقد و ارزیابی، مشارکت و همکاری تیمی، و ارتباط عاطفی مثبت. ازجمله پیامدهای موردانتظار در ارتباط مراقبتی معلم- دانش‌آموز، تحکیم روابط و رشد، خلاقیت و سلامت، پذیرش و رشد مهارت‌ها، ایجاد محیط یادگیری ایمن و مؤثر، و درنهایت، مسئولیت‌پذیری و پشتیبانی در دو گروه معلمان و دانش‌آموزان را می‌توان نام برد؛ همچنین ضعف زیرساخت‌ها و منابع، مشکلات عاطفی و روان‌شناختی، مشکلات فردی و فرهنگی، و موانع مرتبط با معلمان، ازجمله عواملی هستند که در ایجاد ارتباط مراقبتی، اختلال ایجاد می‌کنند و مانع شکل‌گیری چنین ارتباطی در مدارس می‌شوند. یکپارچه‌کردن مقوله‌های شناسایی‌شده براساس روابط آن‌ها درقالب این مدل پارادایمیک می‌تواند الگویی مفید و مؤثر برای ارتقادادن سطوح ارتباطی معلم- دانش‌آموز در مدارس باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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